酶联生物经过不断的实验优化和改进，积累了大量的经验，拥有专业的酶联研发团队。利用专业的酶联免疫技术自主研发的elisa试剂盒，能对血清及其它样本定量检测抗原，定性检测特异性抗体。优质的试剂，先进的仪器和正确的操作是保证ELISA检测结果准确可靠的必要条件。ELISA检测的方便性、稳定性、重复性和可靠性方面都具有很大的优势。
二、样本要求在收集标本前都必须有一个完整的计划，必须清楚要检测的成份是否足够稳定。我们提倡新鲜标本尽早检测，对收集后当天就进行检测的标本，及时储存在4℃备用，如有特殊原因需要周期收集标本，请造模取材后，将标本及时分装后放在-20℃或-70℃条件下保存。因冰室与室温存在一定温差，蛋白极易降解，直接影响实验质量，所以避免反复冻融。代测放免标本的客户取材前须向我司销售人员索要说明书，具体操作注意事项请与我司技术人员沟通。
液体类标本：标本必须为液体，不含沉淀。包括血清、血浆、尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液、细胞培养上清、组织匀浆等。
血清：室温血液自然凝固10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液：用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
细胞培养上清：检测分泌性的成份时，用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。检测细胞内的成份时，用PBS（PH7.0-7.4）稀释细胞悬液，细胞浓度达到100万/ml左右。通过反复冻融，以使细胞破坏并放出细胞内成份。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。保存过程中如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
组织标本：切割标本后，称取重量。加入一定量的PBS，缓冲液中可加入1μg/L蛋白酶抑制剂或50U/ml的Aprotinin（抑肽酶）。用手工或匀浆器将标本匀浆充分。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清置于-20度或-70度保存，如有必要，可以将样品浓缩干燥。分装后一份待检测，其余冷冻备用。
三、寄标本时需注明以下情况：1、标本编号；2、所测项目；3、是否做复孔；3、联系方式；4、实验后标本是否寄回。
客户须知：客户应对所提供的材料及信息负责，如因客户提供的材料及信息不准确而引起的实验延误或经济损失由客户承担。
Q:1.how to collect samples and preparation of ELISA?Performed by ELISA test is generally common clinical samples including blood (fingerblood, blood), urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, prostatic fluid,semen, vaginal secretions, whichSome time of sample collection, preservation methods and has certain requirements.Collection (a) clinical specimensA, blood samples:Some physiological factors, such as smoking, eating, exercise, moodswings, pregnancy, postural changes in blood can affect certain ingredients, even someof diurnal variation. Therefore, blood samplesAcquisition should avoid interference physiological factors, consistent with appropriateconditions, such as can not be avoided, should indicate the factors on the specimen.1. Peripheral:Usually select the inside of blood left ring finger, the portion should beno frostbite, inflammation, edema, damage. If the site does not meet the requirements toother parts of the fingers instead. For burn patients, optional leatherIntact skin at the blood. As part of routine blood tests (eg, white blood cell count,sort, etc.) affected by physiological factors fluctuation is too large, when compared tothe conditional should be consistent. It relates to the body, blood clotting functionCan test items (such as platelet count, bleeding time or clotting time) testing, we mustpay attention to understand whether the patient used anticoagulant, procoagulant drugsin order to reduce or avoid interfering factorsinfluences.2. Blood:In addition to involving a variety of projects such as hemostasis andthrombosis detector requires the use of anticoagulated blood plasma, the currentanalysis to detect the vast majority of projects can be directly detected using bloodserum. In the serum test items, Some (such as blood sugar, blood fat) diet and circadian factors influenced, fastingblood samples were generally appropriate; some decay rapidly in the blood (serum enzymeactivity assay such as ACP activity, etc.),0 ~ 4 ℃ storage is not an activity decreased, the detection of these projects must betimely and fast; some (such as creatine kinase) influenced by exercise and otherfactors. Avoid hemolysis occurs when blood is also importantAnd, more particularly potassium, LDH and other measurement.B, urine samples:With the same blood samples, urine samples affect diet, exercise,medication and other factors that are also large, especially on the diet, so the morningurine generally superior to random urine. Means getting up early morning urineAfter the first urine specimens, representing concentrated and acidified visiblecomponents (such as blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular) easy to observe the relativeconcentration. Random urine that is a random urine specimens convenient, but by diet,Sports, and even more the influence of drugs, prone to false positive and false negativeresults, such as diet proteinuria, glucosuria diet, vitamin C interference occult bloodresults and the like. Postprandial urine (patient 2 hours after lunch, collectedHuman Urine) suitable for urine, urine protein and urobilinogen check urine samples atthis time to increase the sensitivity of the test, the detection of minor lesions. 12hours in urine cell count is Addis count (last night 8:00After emptying the bladder to all specimens of urine 8 o'clock the next morning),because a long time, easy to breed bacteria shall be added preservative formaldehyde.24-hour urine (the first day of the morning after emptying the bladder specimens from8:00 to 8:00 the next morningAll urine) quantification of chemical substances, including proteins, sugars, urinary17-one, 17-hydroxy steroids, catecholamines, Ca2 +, etc., to detect differentsubstances, choose a different preservative preservative. cleanUrine used for urine bacterial culture requires sterile specimens were taken afterwashing the vulva. Urine specimens should be enough to collect all, at least 12 ml,preferably 50 ml, the timing must collect all the urine of womenPatients should avoid vaginal secretions, blood contamination of urine specimens.C, stool samples:Stool samples for the detection judgment digestive diseases hasimportant reference value. Collection requirements with a clean bamboo select faecalmucus, pus and blood components and other abnormality, no abnormal appearanceDroppings shall be drawn from multiple surface and deep manure end. Get parasitemia andfor egg counts should be collected 24 hours feces. Dysentery amoeba trophozoites checkshould immediately check in after a bowel movement, and from there sepsisSofter at the drawn, insulation inspection. Charles S. japonicum eggs should take mucus,pus and blood portion 30g stool specimens from at least miracidia hatching, and to betreated as soon as possible. Check pinworm eggs must use transparent film swabNight before 12:00 or early in the morning from defecation wrinkled folds around theanus and immediately swabbing at microscopic examination. Occult blood test (chemistry),fasting before the test on the 3rd of meat and foods containing animal blood and banclothing iron, vitamin C and so on.Should be checked in all 1 hour stool specimen collection is completed, in order toprevent damage to physical components of digestive enzymes and pH by. For clinicalsamples above the detection indicators.D, CSF samples:CSF samples collected immediately after submission, place too long willaffect the test results: such as cell degeneration, destruction, leading to counting andclassification are not allowed; some chemicals such as glucose content will decomposeSaveLess; bacteria occur autolysis affect bacteria detection rate. Cerebrospinal fluidextracted three general dispensing a sterile tube, the first tube for bacterial culture,a second tube for chemical analysis and immunological tests, the third tube for generalCharacters and microscopic examination, three of the order should be reversed. Specimencollection is difficult because all inspection and testing process should pay attentionto safety.E, ascites and pleural effusion samples:CSF samples with the same attention to safetyafter the specimen collection, and timely submission. Generally separated into threetubes, one for routine cytology, a biochemical examination, a bacterial culture, inorderCSF same is appropriate.F, prostatic fluid sample:Prostatic fluid specimen after prostate massage by theacquisition, directly drop when less liquid on a glass slide and timely submission shallbe taken to prevent sample evaporation to dryness, the amount collected for a long timein a clean, dry test tube. If massageNo prostatic fluid, urine sediment can be checked after the massage.G, semen samples:Abstinence before semen collection should be 3 to 7 days, drain theurine after masturbation or other available methods of semen directly into cleancontainers, insulation and timely submission. Due to changes in sperm production duringthe day andLarge, generally should be checked 2 to 3 times (each time interval of 1 to 2 weeks) inorder to make a diagnosis.H, samples of vaginal secretions:Vaginal samples were collected 24 hours beforeintercourse should be prohibited, bath, vaginal examination, vaginal lavage and local onthe drug, etc., drawing instruments used need to be cleaned. Usually with brine-soakedcotton swab from the vagina deepOr rear vaginal fornix, cervical canal mouth drawn, etc., made after saline smearvaginal secretion samples observation, women with menstrual vaginal secretions were notchecking.2, do before each sample by ELISA experiment how to prepare?Before collecting the sample must have a comprehensive plan must clearly be detectedcomponent is stable enough. To be collected on the same daySample testing, and timely backup stored at 4 ℃. For the next day re-testing samplesfrozen in a timely manner after dispensing -20 ℃ spare, conditional, preferably -70 ℃cryopreservation standby. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing specimens.Liquid samples: including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid,cell culture supernatant and the like.1. serum:Coagulation at room temperature 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage,Centrifugal again.2. Plasma:EDTA should be selected according to the requirements of the specimen, sodium citrate orheparin as an anticoagulant, mix 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. Save processIf precipitation appeared, Centrifugal again.3. Urine:Sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min).Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.Pleural and peritoneal effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid Reference to this practice.4. The cell culture supernatant:The detection of secretory component with a sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant.5. cultured cells????When the detection of intracellular components, diluted with PBS (PH7.2-7.4) cellsuspension, the cell concentration reached 1 million / ml or so. By repeated freezingand thawing or tissue protein extraction reagent was added to the cellsDamage and release of intracellular components. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so(2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation duringstorage, Centrifugal again.6. tissues????After cutting samples, check the weight. Adding a certain amount of PBS, PH7.4.Rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen. After thawing samples remained at 2-8 ℃. Adding acertain amount of PBS(PH7.4), or tissue protein extraction reagent, or by hand homogenizer homogenizedsample. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect thesupernatant. A new package to be detected, whichI alternate freezing.Q:DoI have to run all of my standards and samples in duplicate?A:Yes, the duplicates are run in order to monitor assay precision and increaseconfidence in the assay results obtained.Q:DoI have to run all of my samples at one time?A:No, each kit uses stripwell microplate. This allows the user to analyse differentnumbers of samples at different times.Q:Whattypes of reproducible results are obtained with the assays?A:Each kit comes with a manual containing a graph of typical data obtained. Anyvariation in operator, pipetting and washing technique, incubation time or temperature,and kit age can cause variation in result. Each user should obtain their own standardcurve.Q:Isit possible to store the reagents other than indicated?A:Storage of the kit components under conditions other than indicated is not recommendedin order to assure proper performance of the test.Q:Howshould I store my samples?A:Samples should be stored at -20oC or lower temperature. For long-term storage, it isrecommended to freeze them at -70oC -80oC.Q:CanI modify the protocol?A:BG ELISA kits have been optimized to provide the best possible results. Modifying theformat or protocol may give inaccurate and wrong results.Q:CanI use a sample type that is not recommended in the kit insert?A:The kit has been validated for the sample types listed in the kit insert. Sample typesother than those validated have not been tested. Contact Technical Service for furtherinformation.Q:Mysamples generated values that were outside the dynamic range of the assay. Can I usethese values?A:It is recommended that only sample values that fall within the range of the standardcurve be used. Values outside the range of the standard curve are generally non-linear,which can lead to incorrectly extrapolated values. Samples that generate values higherthan the highest standard should be (further) diluted and the assay repeated. If samplesfall below the range of the assay, the sample is considered to be non-detectable.Q:DoI have to run a Blank or Zero Standards every time?A:Yes, these are required for the calculations, and reflect any subtle but significantperformance changes from day to day and assay to assay. They are also extremely helpfulwhen troubleshooting the source of a particular assay problem.Q:CanI alter the volume of sample I use in the assay?A:It is not recommended that you alter the volumes since all BG kits are designed foroptimal performance at the given volumesQ:Cancomponents from different kits be used?A:Each kit contains components which have specific lot numbers to ensure that all of thecomponents are performing optimally alone, as well as with all of the other componentsin the kit. QC testing is performed on these specific lots. It is never recommended touse your own components or components from other kits or vendors.Q:Mystandard curve looked fine, but I didn’t get a signal in my sample when I expectedto, why?A:The sample may not contain the analyte. A matrix effect may be masking the detection.Ensure that the recommended dilution was followed as stated in the kit insert. Ifdilution was recommended, check to be sure that the dilution was performed properly.Over-dilution may cause the sample to fall below the range of the standard curve.Q:Howdo you recommend I wash my plate?A:If you are using an automated plate washer we recommend that the calibration bechecked on a regular basis, and that the system is flushed with the Plate Washing Bufferprior to washing. The same is true for a manual washer. A repeater or a wash bottle canalso be used. The user should be careful to ensure that all of the contents areaspirated and the plate tapped dry on lint-free paper.Q:DoI need to use a plate shaker?A:Reliable results can be obtained without a plate shaker, but the O.D.'s will generallybe lower than those obtained using a plate shaker.Q:Whydo I have to use wavelength correction between 450-570nm?A:For the ELISA assay, reading at dual wavelengths is done to correct for the opticaldensity contributed by the plastic well, the lamp and optical fluctuations.Q:IfI extract my sample, do I still need to follow the recommended dilutions given inthe kit insert?A:The amount of sample dilution needed after an extraction procedure will be affected bythe effects of purification and concentration in the protocol used. The amount ofdilution or concentration will have to be determined by the end-user.Q:Whatis the expected concentration of analyte that I should expect to find?A:The amount of a given analyte may vary not only from species-to-species, but alsobetween tissue and cellular sources. The best source of this information is the currentliterature that is easily accessed through the Internet at multiple scientificdatabases.Q:Myoptical densities were a little higher (or lower) than those in the manual that camewith my kit. Why?A:The optical density is affected by a number of physical conditions such as time andtemperature. We suggest that you shorten or lengthen the final incubation with substratesolution to compensate.Q:Whatare the reasons for High Background?A:1) Improper Washing: Check volume of washing buffer reservoir and make sure allrecommended washing steps are performed.2) Contaminated Substrate: Make sure there is no contamination of the substrate withmetal ions or oxidizing reagents, before use. Keep the extra substrate solutionseparately during the ELISA substrate development time.3) Substrate exposed to light: Exposure to light may result in a blue color of thesubstrate. Keep solutions in the dark (vial) until ready to dispense into the plate.4) Wrong Incubation Times/Temperatures: Generally follow the test protocol regardingincubation times and temperatures. However, if all wells are intensely and equallycolored with no intensity gradient observed in the standard dilution series, then it maybe necessary to observe the substrate reaction as the color is developing, in order tostop the reaction sooner.
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