1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．volcanic eruption火山喷发
6．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
7．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
8．helicopter n．直升机
9．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
10．brick n．砖；砖块
11．metal n．金属
12．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
13．revival n．振兴；复苏
14．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
15．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
16．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
17．typhoon n．台风
18．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
19．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
20．kit n．成套工具；成套设备
21．first aid kit急救箱
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
9．percent n．百分之……adj.& adv.每一百中
10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬
12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
13．context n．上下文；语境；背景
14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
16．pipe n．管子；管道
17．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
18．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
19．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
20．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
21．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
22．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．death n．死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effectn．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的
4．electricity n．电；电能→electricadj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn．受难；苦楚→sufferer n．受苦者；受难者
8．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivorn．幸存者；生还者
9．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的
10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergentadj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)evt.& vi.总结；概括
13．length n．长；长度→longadj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
1．ambulance n．救护车
2．ancient adj.古代的
3．anniversary n．周年纪念日
4．annual adj.每年的
5．antique n．古董，古玩
6．apartment n．公寓
7．apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock震惊；吃惊
4．in the open air露天；在户外
5．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
6．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
7．refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
8．the number of...……的数量
9．as usual像往常一样
10．come to an end告终；结束
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Chickens and even pigswere too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...)
鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2．It seemed as if theworld were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Water，food，and electricity were hardto get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
很难得到水、食物和电。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiersto Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(thosewho...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
5．The most powerful earthquakein the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four othercountries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
6．I was having breakfastwith my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...正在做……突然……)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
·beaffected by受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
·havean effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
(1)We must take effective(effect)measures to prevent natural disastersin advance.
(2)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。(2020·浙江7月，应用文写作)
Learning that you havereturned to Ireland because you are affected with a serious/severe illness，I am terribly sorry aboutit.
(3)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
In summary，the English newspaper Youthaffects me greatly/has a great effect on me.I am often deeply affectedby countless moving stories in the newspaper.
·bea shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock吃惊地，震惊地
·beshocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
(1)Looking at the housewhich lay in ruinsin shock，hecalled 911 immediately to rescuethe injured people who were trapped.
(2)All of us were shockedat the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
→Thebear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，which shocked Elli and me/which madeElli and me shocked.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→Whatshocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his headin.(用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)
bury sth in...把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
(1)He wept sadly and heburied his face in his hands.(读后续写之动作描写)
→Hewept sadly，buryinghis face in his hands.(用doing作状语改写)
→Hewept sadly，withhis face buried in his hands.(用with的复合结构改写)
→Hewept sadly，hisface buried in his hands.(用独立主格改写)
(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
①Ibury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and Ihave gained lots of colorful knowledge.
②Buriedin reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
(1)People of the disasterarea suffered a lot from the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句)
There are always some upsand downs in our lives，butit is the suffering that makes us stronger.
survive on靠……存活下来
survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
(1)We will do everythingin our power to help those survivors(survive)in the tornado.
(2)Although the old ladysuffered from a serious illness，she still survived herhusband by 5 years.
(3)When I realized thatthe poor boy survived on discarded(被丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washedover me.
(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn’tabout how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
·bestruck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sbthat...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth strike sb 某人想到……
·beon strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
·表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。
(1)The workers are comingout on strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government.
(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写)
①BecauseI was struck with/by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowingdown my cheeks.
②Struckby/with what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowingdown my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(3)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
It suddenly struck/hit/occurredto me thatI could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
(4)约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法，于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
A good way to promote popcornstruck/hit/occurred to Johnand thus，hedashed to Bernard’s home like a gust of wind.
be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭
fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭
ruin one’shope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
(1)90 percent of houses lay inruins after the landslideand helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
(2)The doctor I respectmost buried himself in fighting againstCOVID-19 day and night and it nearly ruined his health.(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
→Thedoctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，which nearly ruined hishealth.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→Thedoctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，nearly ruining his health.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
·asif相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。
·若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there is(be)an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partlyput into water，itlooks as if it were(be) broken.
(3)似乎Mac的生命结束了。
It seemed as if Mac’slife had come to an end.
(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
(5)眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me as if hewould say something/as if (he was) to say something，but lowered his head onceagain.
用法点拨 若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
·beabout to do...when...正要做……突然……
·beon the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……
·had(just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
(1)我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We were about to leave/wereon the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room.
(2)双胞胎正在煲(stew)鸡肉粥，这时他们的爸爸迈进了厨房。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
The twins were stewingchicken porridge when their father marched into the kitchen.
(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
I had just escaped fromthe burning house whenit fell to the ground.
1．It would work like this：An officer arriving atthe scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use theTextalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
它的工作原理是这样的：一名到达事故现场的警官可以索要司机的手机，并且使用文本分析仪在操作系统中核查最近的活动。
2．A flood had hitthe area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a numberof birds.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏驱走了许多鸟类。
3．The collapse was disastrous，requiring the emergencymedical team and good teamwork.(2021·全国乙)
她的昏倒是灾难性的，需要急诊医疗队和良好的团队合作。
4．They conclude that whentask interdependence is high，teamperformance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talentwill have positive effects on team performance when task interdependenceis lower.(2019·北京)
他们得出的结论是，当任务相互依存度高时，团队人才过多会影响表现，而当任务相互依存度较低时，单个人才则会对团队表现有积极影响。
5．After all，not everyone has realizedthat wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.(2019·江苏)
毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．strike
A.v.打 B.v.使突然想起 C.n.罢工D.v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 E.v.划(火柴)F.v.(钟)敲
(1)When I entered the room，the clock had just struck10. F
(2)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it’shot.”You’dbetter go over what you have learned as soon as possible. A
(3)The girl strucka match and the warm light filled the room immediately. E
(4)They have been on strikefor several days to get a higher pay. C
(5)A big earthquake struckthe area last week，whichthen caused a terrible tsunami. D
(6)It strikes usthat we can follow the stream back to the farmhouse. B
2．deliver
(1)The princess has beendelivered of a healthy baby boy. B
(2)I’mhaving some flowers delivered for her birthday. A
(3)I feel greatly honouredto deliver a lecture on genetic engineering here. C
3．affect
(1)Deeply affectedby the film，wecouldn’thold back tears. B
(2)Honestly speaking，the coming-of-age ceremonyaffects me greatly.(2020·天津，书面表达)
(3)The disease affectsmany different organs of his body. C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)She was rushed to thehospital after suffering from shock.休克
(2)When we visited theold family home，pastsweet memories came flooding back.大量涌入
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He made a great effortto save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning house.
2. Working outeither indoors or outdoors regularly will affect(effect) your fitness positively.
3．The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us shocked(shock)．
4．Buried(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’tmakeit to schoolon time.
5．How can you survive onsuch a poor diet? Keeping slimdoesn’tmakesense if you’renot healthy.
6. Compared withthose who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental sufferings(suffer)．
7．It struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to understand what I didn’t.
8．The stadium and the gym lay in ruins afterthe big fire caused by careless smoking.
9．She speaks English so fluentlyas if she had stayed(stay) in America for a long time.
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn’tgiveup even if he got injured in the race，setting(set) a good example to others.
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(2021·全国乙)——在线学习
1．我觉得在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。(It strikes sb that；effect)
It strikes me that onlinelearning has a great effect on us students.
2．许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程，这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(be buried in；现在分词短语作结果状语)
Many students are buriedin learning beneficial online courses，broadening their horizons and enhancingtheir learning interest.
3．然而，使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(shock)
However，what shocks us/what makesus shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.
4．这从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。(ruin)
It will definitely ruintheir health and hope in the long run.
5．尽管这个问题很难解决，我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾的人。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do；those who...；suffer from)
Although/Though/While theproblem is difficult to handle，we should spare no effort to helpthose who are suffering from Internet addiction.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
1．情感描写
shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
2．动作描写
slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助；援助
crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)——头被卡在大南瓜里
我的头陷入大南瓜里，我是如此震惊以至于我的喉咙发紧，膝盖发软，各种各样糟糕的想法涌入我的心头。我尝试把头从南瓜里拔出来，但是白费力气。我哥哥不顾我正遭受的事情，他竟然咯咯的笑着轻拍南瓜。我爸爸咧嘴笑着，来帮助我，安慰地说，“保持镇静！”我被成功地营救了，一阵感激之情向我袭来，泪水像断了线的珠子一样滚下我的脸庞。